@Article{LeeKiKwPaZhGaBa:2014:EqBrPl,
               author = "Lee, Woo Kyoung and Kil, Hyosub and Kwak, Young-Sil and Paxton, 
                         Larry J. and Zhang, Yongliang and Galkin, Ivan and Batista, Inez 
                         Staciarini",
          affiliation = "Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns 
                         Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, United States; Korea Astronomy and 
                         Space Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea and Johns Hopkins 
                         University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, 
                         Laurel, MD 20723, United States and Korea Astronomy and Space 
                         Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea and Johns Hopkins 
                         University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, 
                         Laurel, MD 20723, United States and Johns Hopkins University 
                         Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 
                         20723, United States and University of Massachusetts Lowell, 
                         Lowell, MA, United States and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Equatorial broad plasma depletions associated with the enhanced 
                         fountain effect",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "119",
               number = "1",
                pages = "402--410",
             keywords = "broad plasma depletions.",
             abstract = "Broad plasma depletions (BPDs), plasma depletions whose 
                         longitudinal width is over several hundred kilometers, have been 
                         detected in the equatorial F region by low-earth-orbit satellites 
                         during both magnetically quiet and magnetically disturbed periods. 
                         A few hypotheses were suggested to explain the creation of BPDs, 
                         but the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is still under 
                         debate. We investigate the origin of BPDs by analyzing the 
                         simultaneous in situ and optical observations of the ionosphere on 
                         30 May 2003 (Kp = 8+), 24 April 2012 (Kp = 7-), and 31 October 
                         2012 (Kp = 0+). BPDs on 30 May 2003 were detected by the Republic 
                         of China Satellite-1 at an altitude of 600 km, and BPDs on the 
                         other days were detected by the Communication/Navigation Outage 
                         Forecasting System satellite near an altitude of 400 km. Our 
                         results show that the detection of BPDs is closely associated with 
                         background ionospheric morphology; BPDs are detected on the days 
                         when the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is intense and the 
                         crests of the EIA have moved poleward. Measurements of upward 
                         plasma motion support the existence of ionospheric uplift at BPD 
                         locations. These observations and the detection of BPDs near the 
                         magnetic equator lead to the interpretation that the satellite 
                         detection of BPDs during those 3 days is likely related to the 
                         uplift of the F peak height above the satellite orbits. Key Points 
                         Broad plasma depletions (BPDs) appear when the EIA is 
                         strengthened. BPDs are associated with the uplift of the F region. 
                         Bubbles are not a pre-requisite for BPDs. ©2013. American 
                         Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
                  doi = "10.1002/2013JA019137",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019137",
                 issn = "2169-9402",
                label = "scopus 2014-05 LeeKiKwPaZhGaBa:2014:EqBrPl",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "bpd.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}